ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and coating of nanosilver by vanillic acid and its effects on Dunaliella salina Teod.
Plant phenolics have high reducing capacity which can be exploited in the synthesis of nanomaterials. In the present study, phytoreductant vanillic acid is used to produce and coat silver nanoparticles. The effects of Ag nanoparticles on the unicellular green algae D. Salina were then investigated. Under optimum pH and temperature, silver ions were reduced to silver metal by vanillic acid. The absorption spectra of the silver nanoparticles showed a maximum band of 410 nm, which is characteristic of the surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed a narrow distribution size with an average of 52 nm. High concentrations of Ag nanoparticles reduced growth, total carotenoids, chlorophyll content, phenolics and antioxidant activity of the algae. Based on these results, phytoreductant vanillic acid can be used for synthesis and coating of nanosilver. Due to the projected increase in quantities and types of nanomaterials which leads to their elevated release into the environment and also because of the toxicity of nanomaterials, an urgent need to evaluate the impacts of nano-sized particles on the environment and living organisms is felt.
https://mbrc.shirazu.ac.ir/article_1571_0fa39d8ff54ade66116eec1b301bc86b.pdf
2013-07-01
47
55
10.22099/mbrc.2013.1571
Green chemistry
Phenolic compounds
Ag nanoparticles
Dunaliella salina
Hajar
Zamani
hzamani@shirazu.ac.ir
1
Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Moradshahi
moradshahi@susc.ac.ir
2
Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Magudapathy P, Gangopadhyay P, Panigrahi BK, Nair KGM, Dhara S. Electrical transport studies of Ag nanoclusters embedded in glass matrix. Physica B 2001;
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299:142-146.
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5. Song JY, Kim BS. Rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant leaf extracts. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2009;32:79-84.
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6. Tran QH, Nguyen VQ, Le AT. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, properties, toxicology, application and perspectives. Adv Nat Sci: Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013;4:1-20.
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7. Park Y, Hong YN, Weyers A, Kim YS, Linhardt RJ. Polysaccharides and phytochemicals: a natural reservoir for the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. Nanobiotechnol 2011;5:69-78.
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12. Moulton MC, Braydich-Stolle LK, Nadagouda MN, Kunzelman S, Hussain SM, Varma RS. Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility of “green” synthesized silver nanoparticles using tea polyphenols. Nanoscale 2010;2:763-770.
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20. Marini M, De Niederhausern N, Iseppi R, Bondi M, Sabia C, Toselli M, Pilati F. Antibacterial activity of plastics coated with silver-doped organic-inorganic hybrid coatings prepared by sol-gel processes. Biomacromol 2007;8:1246-1254.
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23. Lichtenthaler HK, Buschmann C. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Measurement and characterization by UV-Vis. In: Wrolstad RE (ed) Current protocols in food analytical chemistry. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 2001; F.4.3.1- F.4.3.8.
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24. Hajimahmoodi M, Faramarzi MA, Mohammadi N, Soltani N, Oveisi MR, Nafissi-Varcheh N. Evaluation of antioxidant properties and total phenolic contents of some strains of microalgae. J Appl Phycol 2010;22:43-50.
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25. Thaipong K, Boonprakob U, Crosby K, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Hawkins Byrne D. Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts. J Food Comp Anal 2006;19:669–675.
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29. Chou TH, Ding HU, Hung WJ, Liang CH. Antioxidative characteristics and inhibition of melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated melanogenesis of vanillic and vanillic acid from Origanum vulgare. Exp Dermatol 2010;19:742-750.
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30. Wang W, Chen Q, Jiang C, Yang D, Liu X, Xu S. One step synthesis of biocompatible gold nanopartcles using gallic acid in the presence of poly-(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2007;301:73-79.
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32. Blaser SA, Scheringer M, MacLeod M, Hungerbuhler K. Estimation of cumulative aquatic exposure and risk due to silver: contribution of nano-functionalized plastics and textiles. Sci Total Environ 2008;390: 396-409.
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35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A convenient method to generate methylated and un-methylated control DNA in methylation studies
Methylated and un-methylated control DNA is an important part of DNA methylation studies. Although human and mouse DNA methylation control sets are commercially available, in case of methylation studies on other species such as animals, plants, and bacteria, control sets need to be prepared. In this paper a simple method of generating methylated and un-methylated control DNA is described. Whole genome amplification and enzymatic methylation were performed to generate un-methylated and methylated DNA. The generated DNA were confirmed using methylation sensitive/dependant enzymes, and methylation specific PCR. Control reaction assays confirmed the generated methylated and un-methylated DNA.
https://mbrc.shirazu.ac.ir/article_1647_e89abf4aa7e2227127b874a1f07dcd95.pdf
2013-07-01
57
61
10.22099/mbrc.2013.1647
Epigenetics
DNA methylation
Control DNA
Mehdi
Manoochehri
mhd.manoochehri@yahoo.com
1
Biotechnology department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mojgan
Bandehpour
bandehpour@gmail.com
2
Biotechnology department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Bahram
Kazemi
bahram_14@yahoo.com
3
Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Jaenisch R, Bird A. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals. Nat Genet 2003;33 Suppl:245-254.
1
2. Rauch TA, Pfeifer GP. The MIRA method for DNA methylation analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2009;507:65-75.
2
3. Koukoura O, Sifakis S, Spandidos DA. DNA methylation in the human placenta and fetal growth (review). Mol Med Rep 2012;5:883-889.
3
4. Harrison A, Parle-McDermott A. DNA methylation: a timeline of methods and applications. Front Genet 2011;2:74.
4
5. Arneson N, Hughes S, Houlston R, Done S. Whole-genome amplification by improved primer extension preamplification PCR (I-PEP-PCR). CSH Protoc. 2008;2008:pdb prot4921. doi: 10.1101/pdb.prot4921.
5
6. Petak I, Danam RP, Tillman DM, Vernes R, Howell SR, Berczi L, Kopper L, Brent TP, Houghton JA. Hypermethylation of the gene promoter and enhancer region can regulate Fas expression and sensitivity in colon carcinoma. Cell Death Differ 2003;10:211-217.
6
7. Robertson KD. DNA methylation and human disease. Nat Rev Genet 2005;6:597-610.
7
8. Yang AS, Estecio MR, Doshi K, Kondo Y, Tajara EH, Issa JP. A simple method for estimating global DNA methylation using bisulfite PCR of repetitive DNA elements. Nucleic Acids Res 2004;32:e38.
8
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Isolation of Brassica napus MYC2 gene and analysis of its expression in response to water deficit stress
Manipulation of stress related transcription factors to improve plant stress tolerance is a major goal of current biotechnology researches. MYC2 gene encodes a key stress-related transcription factor involved in Jasmonate (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathways in Arabidopsis. Brassica napus, as a globally important oilseed crop, is a close relative of Arabidopsis. In the present study, a 960bp cDNA fragment of B. napus MYC2 (BnMYC2) was isolated, cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the BnMYC2 cDNA fragment showed high homology with Arabidopsis thaliana MYC2 and the putative Brassica oleracea MYC2, implying the conserved functions among these orthologous genes. The expression analysis by a semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that BnMYC2 is a drought inducible gene. A different expression profile of BnMYC2 was observed between drought tolerant and sensitive B. napus cultivars. The drought tolerant cultivar showed a higher accumulation of BnMYC2 transcript in response to water deficit stress during the studied time course. This result indicates that BnMYC2 may contribute to drought tolerance in B. napus.
https://mbrc.shirazu.ac.ir/article_1648_b60301af29ec5cd65ab91997cfa6e449.pdf
2013-07-01
63
71
10.22099/mbrc.2013.1648
Brassica napus
MYC2 transcription factor
Semi-quantitative RT-PCR
Water deficit stress
Massumeh
Aliakbari
massume.aliakbari@gmail.com
1
Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Hooman
Razi
razi@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Gene networks involved in drought stress response and tolerance. J Exp Bot 2007;58:221-227.
1
2. Umezawa T, Fujita M, Fujita Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K. Engineering drought tolerance in plants: discovering and tailoring genes to unlock the future. Curr Opin Biotech 2006;17:113-122
2
3. Nakashima K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Regulons involved in osmotic stress-responsive and cold stress-responsive gene expression in plants Physiol Plantarum 2006;126:62-71.
3
4. Seki M, Umezawa T, Urano K, Shinozaki K. Regulatory metabolic networks in drought stress responses. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2007;10:296-302.
4
5. Bartels D, Sunkar R. Drought and salt tolerance in plants. Crit Rev Plant Sci 2005;24:23-58.
5
6. Abe H, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Urao T, Iwasaki T, Hosokawa D, Shinozaki K. Role of Arabidopsis MYC and MYB homologs in drought and abscisic acid-regulated gene expression. Plant Cell 1997;9:1859-1868.
6
7. Abe H, Urao T, Ito T, Seki M, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Arabidopsis AtMYC2 (bHLH) and AtMYB2 (MYB) function as transcriptional activators in abscisic acid signaling. Plant Cell 2003;15:63-78.
7
8. Boter M, Ruíz-Rivero O, Abdeen A, Prat S. Conserved MYC transcription factors play a key role in jasmonate signaling both in tomato and Arabidopsis.Genes Dev 2004;18: 1577-1591.
8
9. Dombrecht B, Xue GP, Sprague SJ, Kirkegaard JA, Ross JJ, Reid JB, Fitt GP, Sewelam N, Schenk PM, Manners JM, Kazan K. MYC2 differentially modulates diverse jasmonate-dependent functions in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2007;19:2225-2245.
9
10. Lorenzo O, Chico JM, Sanchez-Serrano JJ, Solano R. JASMONATE-INSENSITIVE 1 encodes a MYC transcription factor essential to discriminate between different Jasmonate regulated defense responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 2004;16:1938-1950.
10
11. Verhage A, Vlaardingerbroek I, Raaijmakers C, Dam NM, Van Dicke M, Van Wees SCM, Pieterse CMJ. Rewiring of the jasmonate signaling pathway in Arabidopsis during insect herbivory. Front Plant Sci 2011;2:1-12.
11
12. Yadav V, Mallappa C, Gangappa SN, Bhatia S, Chattopadhyay S. A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor in Arabidopsis, MYC2, acts as a repressor of blue light mediated photomorphogenic growth. Plant Cell 2005;17:1953-1966.
12
13. Gangappa SN, Prasad VBR, Chattopadhyay S. Functional interconnection of MYC2 and SPA1 in the photomorphogenic seedling development of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol 2010;154:1210-1219.
13
14. Shin J, Heidrich K, Sanchez-Villarreal A, Parker JE, Davis SJ. Time for coffee represses MYC2 protein accumulation to provide time-of-day regulation of jasmonate signaling. Plant Cell 2012;24:2470-2482.
14
15. Kazan K, Manners JM. MYC2: the master in action. Mol Plant 2012;6:686-703.
15
16. Todd AT, Liu E, Polvi SL, Pammett RT, Page JE. A functional genomics screen identifies diverse transcription factors that regulate alkaloid biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant J 2010;62:589-600.
16
17. Engelberth J, Contreras CF, Viswanathan S. Transcriptional analysis of distant signaling induced by insect elicitors and mechanical wounding in Zea mays. PLoS One 2012;7:e34855
17
18. Zhao ML, Wang JN, Shan W, Fan JG, Kuang JF, Wu KQ, Li XP, Chen WX, He FY, Chen JY, Lu WJ. Induction of jasmonate signaling regulators MaMYC2s and their physical Interactions with MaICE 1 in methyl jasmonate-induced chilling tolerance in banana fruit. Plant Cell Environ 2013;36:30-51.
18
19. Seo JS, Joo J, Kim MJ, Kim YK, Nahm BH, Song SI, Cheong JJ, Lee JS, Kim JK, Choi YD. OsbHLH148, a basic helix-loop-helix protein, interacts with OsJAZ proteins in a jasmonate signaling pathway leading to drought tolerance in rice. Plant J 2011;65: 907-921.
19
20. Miyamoto K, Shimizu T, Mochizuki S, Nishizawa Y, Minami E, Nojiri H, Yamane H, Okada K. Stress-induced expression of the transcription factor ReRJ1 is tightly regulated in response to jasmonic acid accumulation in rice. Protoplasma 2013;250: 241-249.
20
21. Aliakbari, M. Isolation and characterization of MYC2 transcription factor gene in a drought tolerant rapeseed cultivar. MSc Thesis 2010; Shiraz University.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Growth and pigment development of Dunaliella salina Teod. in response to ammonium nitrate nutrition
The microalgae, Dunaliella salina was isolated from Maharlu Salt Lake, south east of Shiraz, Iran. The isolated strain was identified by both morphological and physiological markers. The complete ITS region (ITS1 + ITS2) including the 5.8S rDNA gene used as molecular marker confirmed our identification. Growth and cell proliferation, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were determined in the presence of 0.125, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 mM ammonium nitrate. After five weeks, a maximum cell density of about (4.4 ±0.21)×106 mL-1 was observed in the growth medium containing 1mM NH4NO3. Increasing NH4NO3 concentrations up to 1mM, resulted in an increase in the cells total chlorophyll contents. The highest amount of cell carotenoid contents was produced in media containing the least amount of NH4NO3 (0.125 mM). Manipulating the type and amount of external nitrogen sources to induce the synthesis of the highest amounts of carotenoid compounds in this microalgae strain can be of great commercial values to food industries.
https://mbrc.shirazu.ac.ir/article_1649_4bcad9bfc002e6b2724a438dbc3aab6e.pdf
2013-07-01
73
79
10.22099/mbrc.2013.1649
Dunaliella salina
ITS
ammonium nitrate
Carotenoid synthesis
Keramatollah
Nikookar
nikookar@susc.ac.ir
1
Biology Department, Collage of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Lahya
Rowhani
2
Biology Department, Collage of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
Sasan
Mohsenzadeh
mohsenz@shirazu.ac.ir
3
Biology Department, Collage of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, I. R. Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bahman
Kholdebarin
bkholdeb@susc.ac.ir
4
Biology Department, Collage of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, I. R. Iran
AUTHOR
1. Zargari A. (Ed.) Medicinal Plants, Sixth Edition. Tehran, Iran: Tehran University Publications. 2001.
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2. Iranian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Publications, 2002; 51-56.
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12. Sharififar F, Moshafi MH, Mansouri SH, Khodashenas M, Khoshnoodi M. In vitro evaluation of anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extract of endemic Z. multiflora Boiss. Food Control 2007; 18:800-805.
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13. Karimian P, Kavoosi G, Saharkhiz MJ. Antioxidant, nitric oxide scavenging and malondialdehyde scavenging activities of essential oil from different chemotypes of Z. multiflora. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26:2144-2147.
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14. Kavoosi G, Teixeira da Silva JA, Inhibitory effects of Z. multiflora essential oil and its main components on nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production in glucose-stimulated human monocyte. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3079-3085.
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15. Kavoosi G, Teixeira da Silva JA, Saharkhiz MJ. Inhibitory effects of Z. multiflora essential oil and its main components on nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 64:1492-1500.
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19. Nouri AM, Thompson C, Cannell H, Symes M, Purkiss S, Amirghofran Z. Profile of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) expression in human malignancies: Effects of exposure to EGF and its biological influence on established human tumor cell lines. Int J Mol Med 2000; 6:495-500.
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22. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCT method. Methods 2001; 25:402-408.
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25. Amirghofran Z, Ahmadi H, Karimi MH. Immunomodulatory activity of the water extract of Thymus vulgaris, T. daenensis, and Z. multiflora on dendritic cells and T-cell responses. J Immunoass Immunoch 2012; 33:388-402.
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26. Amirghofran Z, Hashemzadeh R, Javidnia K, Golmoghaddam H, Smaeilbeig A. In vitro immunomodulatory effects of extracts from three plants of the Labiatae family and isolation of the active compound(s). J Immunotoxicol 2011; 8:265-273.
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39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic variation of Garra rufa fish in Kermanshah and Bushehr provinces, Iran, using SSR microsatellite markers
Six highly variable microsatellite loci were used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of the Garra rufa in Kermanshah and Bushehr provinces, Iran. All of the 6 microsatellite loci screened in this study showed polymorphism. A total of 90 individual fish from 3 populations were genotyped and 60 alleles were observed in all loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to14. The average allelic number of these polymorphic markers was 10. The averages of observed (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.529 and 0.826, respectively. The genetic distance values ranged between 0.235-0.570. The UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distance resulted in three clusters: Gamasiab population alone was classified as one and the other two populations as the second cluster. This study revealed a fairly high level of genetic variation in the microsatellite loci within the three populations, and identified distinct population groups of Garra rufa. This study gains significance for the analysis of the populations’ genetic diversity as well as the management of this important fish resource.
https://mbrc.shirazu.ac.ir/article_1665_40d4207b64460123c119564d05b068c9.pdf
2013-07-01
81
88
10.22099/mbrc.2013.1665
Garra rufa
Genetic diversity
Population
Kermanshah
Bushehr
Ali
Shabani
shilat86_iut@gmail.com
1
Department of Fishery, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
AUTHOR
Ghasem
Askari
askarighasem82@gmail.com
2
Department of Fishery, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amin
Moradi
moradi.1986@yahoo.com
3
Marine Sciences and Technology of Khoramshahr University
AUTHOR
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1
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2
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3
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Reduction of NADH oxidase, NO synthase, TNFα, and IL-1β mRNA expression levels on lipopolysacharide-stimulated murine macrophages by Zataria Multiflora
Zataria multiflora (ZM) is a thyme-like aromatic plant in the Lamiaceae family that grows in central and southern Iran. ZM is extensively used as a flavor ingredient in a wide variety of foods and is used as part of popular traditional folk remedies. In the present study, ZM essential oil (ZMO) was obtained from ZM leaves via hydro-distillation and then analyzed by GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The anti-inflammatory activity of ZMO was determined via measures of NADH oxidase (NOX), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine macrophages using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). GC-MS analysis indicated that the main components in the ZMO were carvacrol (29.4%), thymol (25.7%), p-cymene (11.2%), linalool (9.3%), and γ-terpinene (8.0%). ZMO significantly reduced NOX, iNOS, TNFα, and IL-1β mRNA expression in cells at concentrations of 0.1-1 μg/mL, indicating a capacity for this product to potentially modulate/diminish immune responses. ZMO has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and could be potentially used as a safe effective source of natural anti-oxidants in therapy against oxidative damage and a number of inflammatory conditions associated with stress.
https://mbrc.shirazu.ac.ir/article_1726_cb111b4e8779a871ede3ec2744276557.pdf
2013-07-01
89
100
10.22099/mbrc.2013.1726
Macrophages
Zataria multiflora
NADH Oxidase
NO Synthase
TNFα
and IL-1β
Parastoo
Karimian
parastookarimian1@yahoo.com
1
Zataria multiflora and anti-inflammatory effects
AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Kavoosi
ghkavoosi@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Institute of Biotechnology , Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zahra
Amieghofran
zamirghof@sums.ac.ir
3
Department of Immunology, Autoimmune Disease Research Center and Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Fatholla
Kalantar
kalantar@yahoo.com
4
Department of Immunology, Autoimmune Disease Research Center and Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
AUTHOR
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