Experimental validation of a predicted microRNA within human FVIII gene

Document Type : Original article

Authors

Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

Hemophilia A is an X-linked bleeding disorder that occurs due to the deficiency of Factor VIII (FVIII) protein clotting activity. The mutations in the F8 gene, which encodes FVIII coagulating protein have been widely reviewed. However, there is a wide range of criteria that in addition to F8 gene mutations, different molecular mechanisms may be associated with hemophilia A. Various functions of FVIII could be related to the hypothetical small non-coding RNAs, located within the F8 gene sequence. Therefore, miRNAs that can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression might confer susceptibility to developing hemophilia A. Here, we have selected a bioinformatically predicted hairpin structure sequence in the first intron of the F8 gene that has the potential to produce a real miRNA (named put-miR1). We tried to experimentally detect the predicted miRNA via RT-PCR following its precursor overexpression in HEK 293 cell lines. Despite the accuracy of miRNA prediction, according to the reliable bioinformatics studies, we couldn’t confirm the existence of considered mature miRNA in transfected cells. We hope that through changing experimental conditions, designing new primers, or altering cell lines and expression vectors, the exogenous and endogenous expression of the predicted miRNA will be confirmed.

Keywords


1. Rezaei H, M Motovali-Bashi, Radfar S. An enzyme-free electrochemical biosensor for simultaneous detection of two hemophilia A biomarkers: Combining target recycling with quantum dots-encapsulated metal-organic frameworks for signal amplification. Anal chim Acta 2019;1092:66-74.
2. Callaghan M. Hemophilia, in Benign Hematologic Disorders in Children. 2021, Springer. p. 247-258.
3. Khalilian S, Motovali-Bashi M, Rezaie H. Factor VIII: Perspectives on immunogenicity and tolerogenic strategies for Hemophilia A patients. Int J Mol Cell Med 2020;9:33-50.
4. Jardim LL, Chaves DG, Rezende SM. Development of inhibitors in hemophilia A: An illustrated review. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020;4:752-760.
5. Hassan S, Cannavo A, Gouw SC, Rosendaal FR, van der Bom JG. Factor VIII products and inhibitor development in previously treated patients with severe or moderately severe hemophilia A: a systematic review. J Thromb Haemost 2018;16:1055-1068.
6. Feng Y, Li Q, Shi P, Liu N, Kong X, Guo R. Mutation analysis in the F8 gene in 485 families with haemophilia A and prenatal diagnosis in China. Haemophilia 2020.
7. Nasirnejad Sola F, Morovvati S, Sabetghadam-Moghadam M, Entezari M. Mutation detection and inhibitor risk in Iranian patients with Hemophilia A: Six novel mutations. Clinical Case Reports 2020;8:2976-2985.
8. Garagiola I, Palla R, Peyvandi F. Risk factors for inhibitor development in severe hemophilia A. Thromb Res 2018;168:20-27.
9. Cormier M, Batty P, Tarrant J, Lillicrap D. Advances in knowledge of inhibitor formation in severe haemophilia A. Br J Haematol 2020;189:39-53.
10. Carvalho Barbosa C, Calhoun SH, Wieden HJ. Non-coding RNAs: what are we missing? Biochem Cell Biol 2020;98:23-30.
11. Gu K, Mok L, Chong MMW. Regulating gene expression in animals through RNA endonucleolytic cleavage. Heliyon 2018;4:e00908.
12. Ferrero G, Cordero F, Tarallo S, Arigoni M, Reccardo F, Gallo G, Ronco G, Allasia M, Kulkarni N, Matullo G, Vineis P, Calogero RA, Pardini B, Naccarati A. Small non-coding RNA profiling in human biofluids and surrogate tissues from healthy individuals: Description of the diverse and most represented species. Oncotarget 2018;9:3097-3111.
13. Imedio L, Cristobal I, Rubio J, Santos A, Rojo F, Foncillas JG. MicroRNAs in rectal cancer: Functional significance and promising therapeutic value. Cancers 2020;12:2040.
14. Treiber T, Treiber N, Meister G. Regulation of microRNA biogenesis and its crosstalk with other cellular pathways. Nat  Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019;20:5-20.
15. Clark PM, Chitnis N, Shieh M, Kamoun M, Johnson FB, Monos D. Novel and haplotype specific microRNAs encoded by the major histocompatibility complex. Sci Rep 2018;8:3832.
16. Wallace DR, Taalab YM, Heinze S, Lovakovic BT, Pizent A, Renieri E, Tsatsakis A, Farooqi AA, Javorac D, Andjelkovic M, Bulat Z, Antonijevic B, Djordjevic AB. Toxic-metal-induced alteration in miRNA expression profile as a proposed mechanism for disease development. Cells 2020;9:901.
17. Roberts JT, Borchert GM. Computational prediction of microRNA target genes, target prediction databases, and web resources. in Bioinformatics in MicroRNA Research 2017; Springer. p. 109-122.
18. Chen L, Heikkinen L, Wang C, Yang Y, Sun H, Wong G. Trends in the development of miRNA bioinformatics tools. Brief Bioinform 2019;27:1836-1852.
19. Rezaei H, Motovali-Bashi M, Khalilian S. MicroRNA prediction in the FVIII gene locus: A step towards Hemophilia A control. Gene Cell Tissue 2020;7:e103096.
20. Miller S,  Dykes DD, Polesky HF. A simple salting out procedure for extracting DNA from human nucleated cells. Nucleic Acids Res 1988;16:1215.
21. Green R, Rogers EJ. Transformation of chemically competent E. coli. Methods Enzymol 2013;529:329-336.
22. Kovtun A, Heumann R,  Epple M. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles for the transfection of cells. Biomed  Mater Eng 2009;19:241-247.
23. Dexheimer PJ, Cochella L. MicroRNAs: from mechanism to organism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020;8:409.
24. Lassandro G, Ciaccia L, Amoruso A, Palladino V, Palmieri VV, Giordano P. Focus on microRNAs as biomarker in pediatric diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020.
25. Jankowska KI, McGill J, Pezeshkpoor B, Oldenburg J, Sauna ZE, Atreya CD. Further evidence that microRNAs can play a role in Hemophilia A disease manifestation: F8 gene downregulation by miR-19b-3p and miR-186-5p. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020;30:669.
26. Sun Y, Zhu Z, Hong You Z,  Zeng Z, Huang ZA, Huang YA. FMSM: a novel computational model for predicting potential miRNA biomarkers for various human diseases. BMC Syst Biol 2018;12:121.
27. Hassanlou M, Soltani BM, Medlej A, Kay M, Mowla SJ. Hsa-miR-6165 downregulates insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression and enhances apoptosis in SW480 cells. Biol Chem 2020;401:477-485.
28. Hassanlou M, Soltani BM, Mowla SJ. Expression and function of hsa-miR-6165 in human cell lines and during the NT2 cell neural differentiation process. J Mol Neurosci 2017;63: 254-266.
29. Rahimi A, Sedighi R, Baygi ME, Honardoost MA, Mowla SJ, Khanahmad H, Nikpour P, Bioinformatics prediction and experimental validation of a novel microRNA: hsa-miR-B43 within human CDH4 gene with a potential metastasis-related function in breast cancer. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:1307-1316.
30. Hoballa MH, Soltani BM, Mowla SJ, Sheikhpour M, Kay M. Identification of a novel intergenic miRNA located between the human DDC and COBL genes with a potential function in cell cycle arrest. Mol Cell Biochem 2018;444:179-186.
31. Dokanehiifard S, Soltani BM. TrkC‐miR2 regulates TGFβ signaling pathway through targeting of SMAD3 transcript. J Cell Biochem 2018.
32. Medlej A, Soltani BM, Mowla SJ, Hosseini S, Baharvand H. A novel miRNA located in the GATA4 gene regulates the expression of IGF‐1R and AKT1/2 genes and controls cell proliferation. J Cell Biochem 2020;121:3438-3450.
33. Wu Q, Wang C, Guo L, Ge Q, Lu Z. Identification and characterization of novel microRNA candidates from deep sequencing. Clin Chim Acta 2013;415:239-244.
34. Gottmann P, Ouni M, Sausenthaler S, Roos J. Stirm L, Jahnert M, Kamitz A, Hallahan N, Jonas W, Fritsche A, Haring HU, Staiger H, Bluher M, Posovszky PF, Vogel H, Schurmann A. A computational biology approach of a genome-wide screen connected miRNAs to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Mol Metab 2018;11:145-159.
35. Sarachana T, Dahiya N, Simhadri VL, Pandey GS, Saini S, Guelcher C, Guerrera MF, Sarfaty CK, Sauna ZE, Atreya CD. Small ncRNA expression-profiling of blood from hemophilia a patients identifies mir-1246 as a potential regulator of Factor 8 gene. PLoS One 2015;10:e0132433.
36. Jankowska KI, McGill J, Pezeshkpoor B, Oldenburg J, Atreya CD, Sauna ZE. Clinical manifestation of hemophilia A in the absence of mutations in the F8 gene that encodes FVIII: role of microRNAs. Transfusion 2020;60:401-413.
37. Jankowska KI, Sauna ZE, Atreya CD. Role of microRNAs in hemophilia and thrombosis in humans. Int J Mol Sci 2020;21:3598.
38. Grigaitis P, Starkuviene V, Rost U, Serva A, Pucholt P, Kummer U. miRNA target identification and prediction as a function of time in gene expression data. RNA Biol 2020: 17:990-1000.
39. Raad J, Stegmayer G, Milone DH. Complexity measures of the mature miRNA for improving pre-miRNAs prediction. Bioinformatics 2020;36:2319-2327.