One new tribe (Plagiolobeae), one new species (Plagioloba derakii) together with two newcombinations(P. persica and P. clavata) are established within Brassicaceae based on a decisive consideration of molecular phylogenetic dataset, morphological characters, fruit septum nature, as well as seed microsculpturing features. Results distinctly justified Arabis ottonis-schulzii as a synonym of Conringia persica and further molecular analyses proved its placement as a member of genus Plagioloba. It is also placed in a new tribe Plagiolobeae as close relatives of Conringieae and Coluteocarpeae. Finally, the diagnostic morphological characters separating the new tribe from the previously assigned tribe (Conringieae) are also discussed.
Özüdoğru B, Akaydın G, Erik S, Al-Shehbaz IA, Mummenhoff K. Phylogeny, diversification and biogeographic implications of the eastern Mediterranean endemic genus Ricotia (Brassicaceae). Taxon 2015;64:727-740.
Koch M, Bishop J, Mitchell‐Olds T, Koch M. Molecular systematics and evolution of Arabidopsis and Arabis. Plant Biol 1999;1:529-537.
Koch MA, Haubold B, Mitchell-Olds T. Comparative evolutionary analysis of chalcone synthase and alcohol dehydrogenase loci in Arabidopsis, Arabis, and related genera (Brassicaceae). Mol Biol Evol 2000;17:1483-1498.
Koch MA, Karl R, German DA. Underexplored biodiversity of Eastern Mediterranean biota: systematics and evolutionary history of the genus Aubrieta (Brassicaceae). Ann Bot 2017;119:39-57.
Liu L, Zhao B, Tan D, Wang J. Phylogenetic relationships of Brassicaceae species based on matK sequences. Pak J Bot 2012;44:619-626.
Karl R, Koch MA. A world-wide perspective on crucifer speciation and evolution: phylogenetics, biogeography and trait evolution in tribe Arabideae. Ann Bot. 2013;112:983-1001.
Karl R, Koch MA. Phylogenetic signatures of adaptation: The Arabis hirsuta species aggregate (Brassicaceae) revisited. Plant Ecol Evol Syst 2014;16:247-264.
Özüdoğru B, Fırat M. Arabis watsonii (PH Davis) FK Mey.: An overlooked cruciferous species from eastern Anatolia and its phylogenetic position. PhytoKeys 2016;75:57-68.
Rollins RC. A monographic study of Arabis in western North America. Rhodora 1941;138:289-485.
Koch MA, Karl R, Kiefer C, Al‐Shehbaz IA. Colonizing the American continent: systematics of the genus Arabis in North America (Brassicaceae). Am J Bot 2010;97:1040-1057.
Al-Shehbaz IA. Nomenclatural notes on Eurasian Arabis (Brassicaceae). Novon 2005;1:519-524.
Koch MA, Grosser J. East Asian Arabis species (Brassicaceae) exemplify past hybridization and subsequent emergence of three main evolutionary lineages in East Asia, America and the amphi-Beringian region. Bot J Linn 2017;184:224-237.
Schulz OE. Cruciferae. In: Engler A, Prand K. (eds) Die natürlkhen Pflanzenfamilien, Cruciferae, 17B. Leipzig: W. Engelmann 1936;444-445.
Karl R, Kiefer C, Ansell SW, Koch MA. Systematics and evolution of arctic‐alpine Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae) and its closest relatives in the eastern Mediterranean. Am J Bot 2012;99:778-794.
Nikolov LA, Shushkov P, Nevado B, Gan X, Al‐Shehbaz IA, Filatov D, Bailey CD, Tsiantis M. Resolving the backbone of the Brassicaceae phylogeny for investigating trait diversity. New Phytol 2019;222:1638-1651.
Bornmüller J, Gauba E. Florulae Keredjensis fundamenta (Plantae Gaubaeanae iranicae). Repert Spec Nov Regni Veg 1935;39:1-372.
Assadi M, Sajedi S, Fakhr Ranjbari H, Mirzadeh Vaghefi S, Moazzeni H, Khodashenas M, Khosravi AR, Hatami A, Mehrnia M, Kaffash Sh, Heidarnia N, Sheidai M, Heidari Rikan M, Kavousi K, Sonboli A, Veiskarami Gh, Aminian F. Conringa Heist ex. Fabr. In: Assadi, M. & Maassoumi, A.A. (eds.) Flora of Iran. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran 2017;143:647–663. [In Persian]
German DA, Al-Shehbaz IA. Five additional tribes (Aphragmeae, Biscutelleae, Calepineae, Conringieae, and Erysimeae) in the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae). Har Pap Bot 2008;13:165-170.
Bentham G, Hooker JD. Gen Pl 1862;1:104-107.
Prantl K. Cruciferae. In: Engler A, Prantl K (eds) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3 (2). Engelmann, Leipzig 1891;145-206.
Hayek A. Entwurf eines Cruciferen Systems auf phylogenetischer Grundlage. Beih Bot Centralbl 1911;27:127-335.
Janchen E. Das system der Cruciferen. Österr Bot Zeit 1942;91:1-28.
Botschantzev VP. De Cruciferis notae criticae, 5. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rastenii (Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium) 1966;3:122–139.
Gómez-Campo C, editor. Biology of Brassica coenospecies. Ser. Developments in Plant Genetics and Breeding Elsevier Science; Biol Nat Sci 1999;1-501.
Kamelin RV. The Cruciferae (Brief survey of the system). Altai State University Press, Barnaul. 2002;51 [In Russian].
Al-Shehbaz IA, Beilstein MA, Kellogg EA. Systematics and phylogeny of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae): an overview. Pl Syst Evol 2006;259:89-120.
German DA, Friesten N, Neuffer B, Al-Shehbaz IA, Hurka H. Contribution to ITS phylogeny of the Brassicaceae, with special reference to some Asian taxa. Pl Syst Evol 2009; 283:33-56.
Gómez-Campo C. Morphology and morpho-taxonomy of the tribe Brassiceae. Brassica crops and wild allies.[I] 1980;3-31.
Al-Shehbaz IA. The genera of Brassiceae (Cruciferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J Arnold Arbor 1985;66:279-351.
Warwick SI, Sauder CA. Phylogeny of tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae) based on chloroplast restriction site polymorphisms and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast trnL intron sequences. Canad J Bot 2005;83:467-483.
Lysak MA, Koch MA, Pecinka A, Schubert I. Chromosome triplication found across the tribe Brassiceae. Genome Res 2005;15:516-525.
Bailey CD, Koch MA, Mayer M, Mummenhoff K, O'Kane Jr SL, Warwick SI, Windham MD, Al-Shehbaz IA. Toward a global phylogeny of the Brassicaceae. Mol Biol Evol 2006;23:2142-2160.
Beilstein MA, Al‐Shehbaz IA, Mathews S, Kellogg EA. Brassicaceae phylogeny inferred from phytochrome A and ndhF sequence data: tribes and trichomes revisited. Am J Bot 2008; 95:1307-1327.
Khosravi AR. Comparative restriction site mapping of chloroplast genome implies new and novel phylogenetc relationships within Cruciferae. Dehli University, PhD thesis, 2001;267 [in English].
Mandáková T, Lysak MA. Chromosomal phylogeny and karyotype evolution in x=7 crucifer species (Brassicaceae). Plant Cell 2008;20:2559-2570.
Lysak MA, Koch MA, Beaulieu JM, Meister A, Leitch IJ. The dynamic ups and downs of genome size evolution in Brassicaceae. Mol Biol Evol 2009;26:85-98.
Khosravi AR, Mohsenzadeh S, Mummenhoff K. Phylogenetic relationships of Old World Brassicaceae from Iran based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences. Biochem Syst Ecol 2009;37:106-115.
Al-Shehbaz IA, Özüdoğru B, German DA. Iljinskaea (Brassicaceae), a new genus based on Conringia planisiliqua. Phytotaxa 2021;500:142-146.
Dvořák F. Scripta Facultatis Scientarum Naturalium Universitatis PurkynianaeBrunensis, Biologia 1972 [‘1971’];1(10):237–250.
Askerova RK. Zuvanda new genus of the family Brassicaceae. Bot Zhurn 1985;70:522-524 [In Russian].
Dorofeyev VI. Moricandia (Cruciferae), a new genus for the flora of Caucasus, Turkey and Middle Asia. Bot Zhurn (Moscow & Leningrad) 2002;87(12):110-112.
Appel O, Al-Shehbaz IA. Cruciferae. In Flowering Plants Dicotyledons. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 2003;75-174
Warwick SI, Sauder CA, Al-Shehbaz IA, Jacquemoud F. Phylogenetic relationships in the tribes Anchonieae, Chorisporeae, Euclidieae, and Hesperideae (Brassicaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal ITS DNA sequences. Ann Missouri Bot 2007;94:56-78.
German DA. Zuvanda, hereafter Plagioloba (Brassicaceae, Conringieae), with novel species delimitation. Ann Bot Fenn 2021;58:323-330.
Kiefer M, Schmickl R, German DA, Mandáková T, Lysak MA, Al-Shehbaz IA, Franzke A, Mummenhoff K, Stamatakis A, Koch MA. BrassiBase: introduction to a novel knowledge database on Brassicaceae evolution. Plant Cell Physiol 2014;55:e3.
Aras S, Duran A, Yenilmez G. Isolation of DNA for RAPD analysis from dry leaf material of some Hesperis L. specimens. Plant Mol Biol Rep 2003;21:461-462.
Mummenhoff K, Franzke A, Koch M. Molecular data reveal convergence in fruit characters used in the classification of Thlaspi sl. Brassicaceae. Bot J Linn 1997;125:183-199.
Tamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S. MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Mol Biol Evol 2021;38:3022-3027.
Akaike H. A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE T Automat Contr 1974; 19:716-723.
Miller MA, Pfeiffer W, Schwartz T. The CIPRES science gateway: a community resource for phylogenetic analyses. In Proceedings of the 2011 Tera Grid Conference: extreme digital discovery 2011;1-8.
Stamatakis A. RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 2014;30:1312-1313.
Swofford DL. PAUP* Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony and other methods. Version 4.0 b10 (software). Sinauer Associates, Sunderland 2001.
Eslami-Farouji A, Khodayari H, Assadi M, Çetin Ö, Mummenhoff K, Özüdoğru B. Phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Hesperis (Brassicaceae, tribe Hesperideae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data. Pl Syst Evol 2021;307:1-22.
Koch MA, Al-Shehbaz IA. Molecular systematics and evolution of “wild” crucifers (Brassicaceae or Cruciferae). Biology and Breeding of Crucifers, SK Gupta, ed (Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis Group). 2009:1-9.
Kasem WT, Ghareeb A, Marwa E. Seed morphology and seed coat sculpturing of 32 taxa of family Brassicaceae. J Am Sci 2011;7:166-178.
Karaismailoğlu MC, Erol O. Seed structure and its taxonomic implications for genus Thlaspi sensu lato sections Nomisma, Thlaspi, and Pterotropis (Brassicaceae). Turk J Bot 2018;42:591-609.
Al-Shehbaz IA. Transfer of most North American species of Arabis to Boechera (Brassicaceae). Novon 2003;1:381-91.
Hedge IC. In: P. H. Davis (ed.), Flora of Turkey, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1965;330-341.
Anderson JK, Warwick SI. Chromosome number evolution in the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae): evidence from isozyme number. Pl Syst Evol 1999;215:255-285.
Couvreur TL, Franzke A, Al-Shehbaz IA, Bakker FT, Koch MA, Mummenhoff K. Molecular phylogenetics, temporal diversification, and principles of evolution in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Mol Biol Evol 2010;27:55-71.
Firat M, Özüdoğru B, Hacıoğlu BT, Bülbül AS, Al-Shehbaz IA, Mummenhoff K. Phylogenetic position and taxonomic assignment of Thlaspi aghricum PH Davis & K. Tan (Brassicaceae). Phytotaxa 2014;178:287-297.
Özüdoğru B, Al-Shehbaz IA, Mummenhoff K. Tribal assignment of Heldreichia Boiss. (Brassicaceae): evidence from nuclear ITS and plastidic ndhF markers. Plant Syst Evol 2017;303:329-335.
Chen H, Deng T, Yue J, Al-Shehbaz IA, Sun H. Molecular phylogeny reveals the non-monophyly of tribe Yinshanieae (Brassicaceae) and description of a new tribe, Hillielleae. Plant Divers 2016;38:171-182.
Koch M, Marhold K. Phylogeny and systematics of Brassicaceae-Introduction. Taxon 2012;61:929-930.
Özüdoğru B, Özgişi K, Tarıkahya-Hacıoğlu B, Ocak A, Mummenhoff K, Al-Shehbaz IA. Phylogeny of the Genus Noccaea (Brassicaceae) and a Critical Review of Its Generic Circumscription1, 2. Ann Missouri Bot 2019;104:339-354.
Warwick SI, Mummenhoff K, Sauder CA, Koch MA, Al-Shehbaz IA. Closing the gaps: phylogenetic relationships in the Brassicaceae based on DNA sequence data of nuclear ribosomal ITS region. Plant Syst Evol 2010;285:209-232.
Al-Shehbaz IA, German DA, Mummenhoff K, Moazzeni H. Systematics, tribal placements, and synopses of the Malcolmia sl segregates (Brassicaceae). Harv Pap Bot 2014;19:53-71.
Meyer RA. Light scattering from biological cells: dependence of backscatter radiation on membrane thickness and refractive index. Appl Opt 1979;18:585-588.
Dorofeyev VI. System of family Cruciferae B. Juss. (Brassicaceae Burnett). Turczaninowia 2004;7(3):43-52.
Eslami-Farouji A, Khodayari H, Assadi M. Taxonomic significance of pollen and seed micromorphology in the genus Hesperis L.(Brassicaceae). Iran J Bot 2018;24:91-105.
Corner EJH. The seeds of dicotyledons. Vols. 1, 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1976;1,2.
Koch M, Al-Shehbaz IA, Mummenhoff K. Molecular systematics, evolution, and population biology in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Ann Missouri Bot 2003;1:151-171.
Moazzeni H, Zarre S, Al-Shehbaz IA, Mummenhoff K. Seed-coat microsculpturing and its systematic application in Isatis (Brassicaceae) and allied genera in Iran. Flora: Morphol Distrib Funct Ecol Plants 2007;202:447-54.
Stork AL. Seed characters in European taxa of Malcolmia R. Br. (Cruciferae). Svesk Bot. Tidskr 1971;65:283-292.
Kaya A, Ünal M, Özgökçe F, Doğan B, Martin E. Fruit and seed morphology of six species previously placed in Malcolmia (Brassicaceae) in Turkey and their taxonomic value. Turk J Bot 2011;35:653-662.
Özüdoğru B, Akaydın G, Erik S, Mummenhoff K. Seed morphology of Ricotia (Brassicaceae) and its phylogenetic and systematic implication. Flora: Morphol Distrib Funct Ecol Plants 2016;222:60-67.
Gabr DG. Significance of fruit and seed coat morphology in taxonomy and identification for some species of Brassicaceae. Am J Plant Sci 2018;9:380.
Dvořák F. Study of the characters of the genus Malcolmia R. Br. part 1. Feddes Repert 1970;81:387-416.
Koch MA. Mid‐Miocene divergence of Ionopsidium and Cochlearia and its impact on the systematics and biogeography of the tribe Cochlearieae (Brassicaceae). Taxon 2012;61:76-92.
Ali T, Schmuker A, Runge F, Solovyeva I, Nigrelli L, Paule J, Buch AK, Xia X, Ploch S, Orren O, Kummer V, Linde-Laursen I, Ørgaard M, Hauser TP, Celik A, Thines M. Morphology, phylogeny, and taxonomy of Microthlaspi (Brassicaceae: Coluteocarpeae) and related genera. Taxon 2016; 65:79-98.
Eslami-Farouji A, Khodayari H, Assadi M, Çetin Ö, Özüdoğru B, Mummenhoff K, Bhattacharya S. Numerical taxonomy contributes to delimitation of Iranian and Turkish Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) species. Phytotaxa 2018;367:101-119.
Drury WH, Rollins RC. The North American representatives of Smelowskia (Cruciferae). Rhodora 1952; 54:85-119.
Warwick SI, Al-Shehbaz IA, Sauder CA, Murray DF, Mummenhoff K. Phylogeny of Smelowskia and related genera (Brassicaceae) based on nuclear ITS DNA and chloroplast trnL intron DNA sequences. Ann Missouri Bot 2004;99-123.
IUCN. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on 24 Sep 2016.
Khosravi, A. R., Eslami-Farouji, A., Sultani-Ahmadzai, A., & Mohsenzadeh, S. (2022). Toward a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships within Conringieae (Brassicaceae). Molecular Biology Research Communications, 11(1), 37-54. doi: 10.22099/mbrc.2022.42767.1709
MLA
Ahmad Reza Khosravi; Atena Eslami-Farouji; Atiqullah Sultani-Ahmadzai; Sasan Mohsenzadeh. "Toward a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships within Conringieae (Brassicaceae)", Molecular Biology Research Communications, 11, 1, 2022, 37-54. doi: 10.22099/mbrc.2022.42767.1709
HARVARD
Khosravi, A. R., Eslami-Farouji, A., Sultani-Ahmadzai, A., Mohsenzadeh, S. (2022). 'Toward a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships within Conringieae (Brassicaceae)', Molecular Biology Research Communications, 11(1), pp. 37-54. doi: 10.22099/mbrc.2022.42767.1709
VANCOUVER
Khosravi, A. R., Eslami-Farouji, A., Sultani-Ahmadzai, A., Mohsenzadeh, S. Toward a better understanding of phylogenetic relationships within Conringieae (Brassicaceae). Molecular Biology Research Communications, 2022; 11(1): 37-54. doi: 10.22099/mbrc.2022.42767.1709