Phylogenetic analysis and prevalence of Delta hepatitis among HBsAg carriers in Afghanistan

Document Type : Short communication

Authors

Life Science, and Biomedical Engineering Application and Research Center, Istanbul Gelisim University, Istanbul 34310, Turkey

Abstract

The molecular profile of hepatitis Delta in Afghanistan remains unclear yet, therefore this study addresses the genotype of HDV among HBsAg carriers in Afghanistan. In total 234 HBsAg-positive sera were examined by chemiluminescent micro-particle immunoassay to detect Anti-HDV antibodies. Serologically positive samples were later approved via real-time PCR test and subsequently, a 731 bp segment of the HDV Delta antigen RNA region was sequenced in the Illumina platform. The isolates were genotyped via distance matrix/UPGMA analysis using Kimura 2-parameter by MEGA7 software package program.  The HBV/HDV coinfection rate among HBsAg carriers in Afghanistan was 2.1%. Finally, 4 samples successfully amplified Hepa­titis delta antigen (HDAg) which Later in phylogenetic analysis, all resided in branch genotype I and were stored at GenBank with accession numbers MK799645, MK799646, MK799647, MK799648. The HDV genotypic variations in the Afghan HBsAg carriers may be homogenous and HDV-1 may be the predominant genotype in Afghanistan.

Keywords

References

  1. Riaz M, Idrees M, Kanwal H, Kabir F. An overview of triple infection with hepatitis B, C and D viruses. Virol J 2011;8:368.
  2. Husseini AA, Saeed KMI, Yurdcu E, Sertoz R, Bozdayi AM. Epidemiology of blood-borne viral infections in Afghanistan. Arch Virol  2019;164:2083-2090.
  3. Toy M, Onder FO, Idilman R, Idilman R, Kabacam G, Richardus JH, Bozdayi M, Akdogan M, Kuloglu Z, Kansu A, Schalm S, Yurdaydin C. The cost-effectiveness of treat­ing chronic hepatitis B patients in a median endemic and middle-in­come country. Eur J Health Econ 2012;13:663-376.
  4. Toy M, Önder FO, Wörmann T, Bozdayi AM, Schalm SW, Borsboom GJ, Rosmalen JV, Richardus JH, Yurdaydin C. Age- and region-specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2011;11:337.
  5. Huang Y, Lok AS. Viral factors and outcomes of chronic HBV infec­tion. Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106:93-95.
  6. Yurdaydin C, Idilman R, Bozkaya H, Bozdayi AM. Natural histo­ry and treatment of chronic delta hepatitis. J Viral Hepat 2010;17:749-756.
  7. Bozdayi AM, Aslan N, Bozdayi G, Türkyilmaz AR, Sengezer T, Wend U, Erkan O, Aydemir F, Zakirhodjaev S, Orucov S, Bozkaya H, Gerlich W, Karayalçin S, Yurdaydin C, Uzunalimoğlu O. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B, C and D viruses in Turkish patients. Arch Virol 2004;149:2115-2129.
  8. Zein NN. Clinical significance of hepatitis C virus genotypes. Clin Microbiol Rev 2000;13: 223-235.
  9. Bukh J, Purcell RH, Miller RH. Sequence analysis of the core gene of 14 hepatitis C virus genotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1994;91:8239-8243.
  10. Robertson B, Myers G, Howard C, Brettin T, Bukh J, Gaschen B, Gojobori T, Maertens G, Mizokami M, Nainan O, Netesov, Shin T, Simmonds P, Smith D, Stuyver L, Weiner A. Classification, nomen­clature, and database development for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and related viruses: proposals for standardization. International committee on virus taxonomy. Arch Virol 1998;143:2493-2503.
  11. Stuyver L, Arnhem W, Wyseur A, Hernandez F, Delaporte E, Mae­rtens G. Classification of hepatitis C viruses based on phylogenetic analysis of envelope 1 and nonstructural 5b regions and identifica­tion of five additional subtypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91: 10134-10138.
  12. Pascarella S, Negro F. Hepatitis D virus: an update. Liver Int 2011;31:7-21.
  13. Wu JC, Huang IA, Huang YH, Chen JY, Sheen IJ. Mixed genotypes infection with hepatitis D virus. J Med Virol 1999;57:64-67.
  14. Sagnelli E, Alessio L, Sagnelli C, Gualdieri L, Pisaturo M, Minichini C, Di caprio G, Starace M, Onorato L, Macera M, Scotto G, Coppola N. Hepatitis B virus genotypes, epidemiological characteristics, and clinical presentation of HBV chronic infection in immigrant populations living in southern Italy. Hepat Mon 2017;17:1-8.
  15. Guirgis BSS, Abbas RO, Azzazy HME. Hepatitis B virus genotyp­ing: current methods and clinical implications. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14:e941-e953.
  16. Heidrich B, Serrano BC, Idilman R, Kabacam G, Bremer B, Raupach R, Onder FO, Deterding K, Zacher BJ, Taranta A, Bozkaya H, Zachou K, Tillmann HL, Bozdayi AM, Manns MP, Yurdaydin C, Wedemeyer H. HBeAg-positive hepatitis delta: Virological patterns and clinical long-term outcome. Liver In­t 2012;32:1415-1425.
  17. Opaleye OO, Japhet OM, Adewumi OM, Adewumi OM, Omoruyi EC, Akanbi OA, Oluremi AS, Wang B, Tong HV, Velavan TP, Bock CT. Molecular epidemi­ology of hepatitis D virus circulating in Southwestern Nigeria. Virol J 2016;13:61.
  18. Jacobson IM, Dienstag JL, Werner BG, Brettler DB, Levine PH, Mushahwar IK. Epidemiology and clinical impact of hepatitis D virus (delta) infection. Hepatology 1985;5:188-191.
  19. Karatayli E, Altunoğlu YT, Karatayli SC, Alagoz SG, Cinar K, Yalcin K, Idilman R, Yurdaydin C, Bozdayi AM. A one step real time PCR method for the quantification of hepatitis delta virus RNA using an external armored RNA standard and intrinsic internal control. J Clin Virol 2014;60:11-15.
  20. Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol 2016;33:1870-1874.
  21. Hale Gokcan, Idilman R. Hepatitis D infection in Asia: A perspective from an endemic region. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2021;18:26-29.
  22. Karlsen AA., Kyuregyan KK, Isaeva OV, Kichatova VS, Asadi Mobarkhan FA, Bezuglova LV, Netesova IG, Manuylov VA, Pochtovyi AA, Gushchin VA, Sleptsova SS, Ignateva ME, Mikhailov MI. Different evolutionary dynamics of hepatitis B virus genotypes A and D, and hepatitis D virus genotypes 1 and 2 in an endemic area of Yakutia, Russia. BMC Infect Dis 2022;22:452. 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics