Transcript analysis of some defense genes of tomato in response to host and non-host bacterial pathogens

Document Type : Original article

Authors

Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

The transcript levels of six defense genes including pathogenesis-related gene 1 (PR-1), pathogenesis-related gene 2 (PR-2), pathogenesis-related gene 5 (PR-5), lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT) were investigated in tomato plants inoculated with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli as a non-host pathogen and X. euvesicatoria as a host pathogen. Activation of all the genes was confirmed in both host and non-host treatments. Additionally, the results showed stronger expression of majority of the genes (PR-1, PR-2, LOX, PAL and CAT) in non-host treatment compared to host treatment at least at early hours after inoculation. These data suggest that faster and more expression of PR-1, PR-2, LOX, PAL and CAT might have a role in non-host resistance of tomato against X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli.

Keywords

References

1. Ebrahim S, Usha K, Singh B. Pathogenesis related (PR) proteins in plant defense mechanism. Sci Against Microb Path 2011;2:1043-1054.
2. Brash AR. Lipoxygenases: occurrence, functions, catalysis, and acquisition of substrate. J Biol Chem 1999;274:23679-23682.
3. Jalloul A, Montillet JL, Assigbetse K, Agnel JP, Delannoy E, Triantaphylides C, Daniel JF, Marmey P, Geiger JP, Nicole L. Lipid peroxidation in cotton: Xanthomonas interactions and the role of lipoxygenases during the hypersensitive reaction. Plant J 2002;32:1-12.
4. Porta H, Rueda-Benítez P, Campos F, Colmenero-Flores JM, Colorado JM, Carmona MJ, Covarrubias A, Rocha-Sosa M. Analysis of lipoxy-genase mRNA accumulation in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) during development and under stress conditions. Plant Cell Physiol 1999;40:850-858.
5. Safaie Farahani A, Taghavi SM. Profiling expression of lipoxygenase in cucumber during compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2016;22:175-177.
6. Dixon RA, Paiva N. Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell1995;7: 1085-1097.
7. Campos ÂD, Ferreira AG, Hampe MMV, Antunes IF, Brancão N, Silveira EP, Silva JBD, Osório VA. Induction of chalcone synthase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase by salicylic acid and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in common bean. Braz J Plant Physiol 2003;15:129-134.
8. Safaie Farahani A, Taghavi SM, Afsharifar A, Niazi A. Changes in expression of pathogenesis-related gene 1, pathogenesis-related gene 2, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and catalase in tomato in response to Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. J Plant Pathol 2016;98:525-530.
9. Bolwell GP, Bindschedler LV, Blee KA, Butt VS, Davies DR, Gardner SL, Gerrish C, Minibayeva F. The apoplastic oxidative burst in response to biotic stress in plants: a three-component system. J Exp Bot 2002;53:1367-1376.
10. Mysore KS, Ryu CM. Nonhost resistance: how much do we know? Trends Plant Sci 2004; 9:97-104.
11. Fan J, Doerner P. Genetic and molecular basis of non-host disease resistance: complex, yes; silver bullet, no. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2012;15:400-406.
12. Osdaghi E, Taghavi SM, Hamzehzarghani H, Lamichhane JR. Occurrence and characterization of the bacterial spot pathogen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria on pepper in Iran. J Phytopathol 2016;164:722-734.
13. Osdaghi E. Occurrence of common bacterial blight on mung bean (Vigna radiata) in Iran caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli. New Dis Rep 2014;30:9.
14. Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCT method. Methods 2001;25:402-408.
15. Molinari S, Fanelli E, Leonetti P. Expression of tomato salicylic acid (SA)‐ responsive pathogenesis‐related genes in Mi‐1‐mediated and SA‐induced resistance to root‐knot nematodes. Mol Plant Pathol 2014;15:255-264.
16. Scalschi L, Vicedo B, Camañes G, Fernandez‐Crespo E, Lapeña L, González‐Bosch C, García‐Agustín P. Hexanoic acid is a resistance inducer that protects tomato plants against Pseudomonas syringae by priming the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathways. Mol Plant Pathol 2013;14:342-355.
17. Flors V, Leyva MO, Vicedo B, Finiti I, Real MD, García-Agustín P, Bennett AB, González-Bosch C. Absence of the endo-a-1,4-glucanases Cel1 and Cel2 reduces susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea in tomato. Plant J 2007;52:1027-1040.
18. Aimé S, Alabouvette C, Steinberg C, Olivain C. The endophytic strain Fusarium oxysporum Fo47: a good candidate for priming the defense responses in tomato roots. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2013;26:918-926.
19. Zhang ZP, Miao MM, Wang CL. Effects of ALA on photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression, and regulation of proline accumulation in tomato seedlings under NaCl stress. J Plant Growth Regul 2015;34:637-650.
20. Gill US, Lee S, Mysore KS. Host versus nonhost resistance: distinct wars with similar arsenals. Phytopathology 2015;105:580-587.
21. Lee J, Klessig DF, Nurnberger T. A harpin binding site in tobacco plasma membranes mediates activation of the pathogenesis-related gene HIN1 independent of extracellular calcium but dependent on mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Plant Cell 2001;13:1079-1093.
22. Cheng Y, Zhang H, Yao J, Wang X, Xu J, Han Q, Wei G, Huang L, and Kang Z. Characterization of non-host resistance in broad bean to the wheat stripe rust pathogen. BMC Plant Biol 2012;96:1-12.
23. Kortekamp A. Expression analysis of defence-related genes in grapevine leaves after inoculation with a host and a non-host pathogen. Plant Physiol Biochem 2006; 44:58-67.
24. Cosio EG, Feger M, Miller CJ, Antelo L, Ebel J. High-affinity binding of fungal b-glucan elicitors to cell membranes of species of the plant family Fabaceae. Planta 1996;200:92-99.
25. Klarzynski O, Plesse B, Joubert JM, Yvin JC, Kopp M, Kloareg B, Fritig B.
Linear b-1, 3 glucans are elicitors of defense responses in tobacco. Plant Physiol 2000;124:1027-1038.
26. Kumar SA, Kumari PH, Kumar GS, Mohanalatha C, Kishor PK. Osmotin: a plant sentinel and a possible agonist of mammalian adiponectin. Front Plant Sci 2015;6: 163. 
27. Porta H, Rocha-Sosa M. Plant lipoxygenase. physiological and molecular features. Plant Physiol 2002;130:15-21.
28. Mishina TE, Zeier J. Bacterial non-host resistance: interactions of Arabidopsis with non-adapted Pseudomonas syringae strains. Physiol Plant 2007;131:448-461.
29. Hückelhoven R, Dechert C, Kogel KH. Non-host resistance of barley is associated with a hydrogen peroxide burst at sites of attempted penetration by wheat powdery mildew fungus. Mol Plant Pathol 2001;2:199-205.
30. Mellersh DG, Foulds IV, Higgins VJ, Heath MC. H2O2 plays different roles in determining penetration failure in three diverse plant-fungal interactions. Plant J 2002; 29:257-268.
31. Hao X, Yu K, Ma Q, Song X, Li H, Wang M. Histochemical studies on the accumulation of H2O2 and hypersensitive cell death in the non-host resistance of pepper against Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici. Physiol Mol Plant Path 2011;76:104-111.
32. Uma B, Podile AR. Apoplastic oxidative defenses during non-host interactions of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) with Magnaporthe grisea. Acta Physiol Plant 2015; 37:1-10.
33. Mendoza M. Oxidative burst in plant–pathogen interaction. Biotech Vegetal 2011; 11:67-75.
34. Safaie Farahani A, Taghavi M. Changes of antioxidant enzymes of mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] in response to host and non-host bacterial pathogens. J Plant Prot Res 2016;56:95-99.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics