Molecular characterization of Argulus bengalensis and Argulus siamensis (Crustacea: Argulidae) infecting the cultured carps in West Bengal, India using 18S rRNA gene sequences

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Chakgaria, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

2 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Abstract

The present study characterized Argulus spp. infecting the cultured carps using 18S rRNA gene sequences, estimated the genetic similarity among Argulus spp. and established their phylogenetic relationship. Of the 320 fish samples screened, 34 fish (10.6%) had Argulus infection. The parasitic frequency index (PFI) was observed to be high (20%) in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Labeo bata. The frequency of infection was high in September (PFI: 17%) and October (PFI: 12.9%). The 18S rRNA sequences of five A. bengalensis (KF583878, KF192316,KM016968,KM016969,andKM016970) and one A. siamensis (KF583879) of this study showed genetic heterogeneity and exhibited 77-99% homology among the 18S rRNA gene sequences of Argulus spp. of NCBI GenBank database. Among the Indian Argulus spp. the sequence homology was 87–100%. Evolutionary pair-wise distances between Indian Argulus spp. and other Argulus spp. ranged from 0 to 20.20%. In the phylogenetic tree, all the crustaceans were clustered together as a separate clade with two distinct lineages. The lineage-1 comprised exclusive of Branchiura (Argulus spp.). All Argulus bengalensis clustered together and A. siamensis (KF583879) was closely related to Argulus sp. JN558648. The results of the present study provided baseline data for future work on population structure analysis of Indian Argulus species.  

Keywords


1. Austin B, Austin DA. Bacterial Fish Pathogens. Diseases of Farmed and Wild Fish. 4th ed. Springer-Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK 2007.
2.  Woo PTK, Buchmann K.  Fish Parasites: Pathobiology and Protection. CABI, UK, 2012; p400.
3. Poly WJ. Global diversity of fish lice (Crustacea: Branchiura: Argulidae) in freshwater. Hydrobiol 2008;595:209-212.
4.  Natarajan P. A new species of Argulus muller (Crustacea: Branchiura), with a note on the distribution of different species of Argulus in India. Proc Indian Acad Sci 1982;91:375-380.
5. Walker PD, Flik G. Wendelaar Bonga SE. The biology of parasites from the genus Argulus and a review of the interactions with its host. In: Wiegertjes GF, Flik G (eds): Host-Parasite Interactions. Garland/Bios Scientific publishers, Abingdon, UK, 2004;107-129.
6.  Sahoo PK, Mohanty J, Garnayak SK, Mohanty BR, Kar B, Prasanth H, Jena JK. Estimation of loss due to argulosis in carp culture ponds in India. Indian J Fish 2013;60:99-102.
7. Marchandin H, Teyssier C, Simeon de Buochberg M, Jean-Pierre H, Carrie`re C, Jumas-Bilak E. Intra-chromosomal heterogeneity between the four 16S rRNA gene copies in the genus Veillonella: implications for phylogeny and taxonomy. Microbiology 2003;149:1493-1501.
8.  Oakley TH, Cunningham CW. Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the independent evolutionary origin of an arthropod compound eye. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 99:1426-1430.
9. Wadeh H, Alsarakibi M, Li GQ. Analysis of genetic variability within Argulus japonicus from representatives of Africa, Middle East, and Asia revealed by sequences of three mitochondrial DNA genes. Parasitol Res 2010;107:547-553.
10. Lavrov DV, Brown WM, Boore JL. Phylogenetic position of the Pentastomida and (pan) crustacean relationships. Proc Royal Soc Lond B 2004;271:537-544.
11. Sahoo PK, Mohanty J, Garnayak SK, Mohanty BR, Kar B, Jena JK, Prasanth H. Genetic diversity and species identification of Argulus parasites collected from major aquaculture regions of India using RAPD-PCR. Aquacult Res 2013;44:220-230.
12. Ramakrishna G. Notes on the Indian species of the genus Argulus Műller (Crustacea: Copepoda) parasitic on fishes. Rec Indian Mus 1951;49:207-215.
13. Lightner DV (1993). Diseases of cultured penaeid shrimp. In: McVey JP (ed.): CRC Handbook of Mariculture. Crustacean Aquaculture. CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, Florida, 1993;2:393-486.
14. Barta JR, Martin DS, Liberator PA, Dashkevicz M, Anderson JW, Feighner SD, Elbrecht A, Perkins-Barrow A, Jenkins MC, Danforth HD, Ruff MD, Profous-Juchelka H. Phylogenetic relationships among eight Eimeria species infecting domestic fowl inferred using complete small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. J Parasitol 1997;83:262-271.
15. Mondal A, Banerjee S, Patra A, Adikesavalu H, Ramudu KR, Dash G, Joardar SN, Abraham TJ. Molecular and morphometric characterization of Thelohanellus caudatus (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae) infecting the caudal fin of Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Protistol 2014;8:41-52.
16. Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG. The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 1997;25:4876-4882.
17. Huelsenbeck JP, Larget B, Miller RE, Ronquist F. Potential applications and pitfalls of Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Syst Biol 2002;51:673-688.
18. Kimura M. A Simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 1980;16:111-120.
19. Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S. MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Mol Biol Evol 2013;30:2725-2729.
20. Paria T, Konar SK. Management of fish ponds and its relation to fish diseases in West Bengal, India. Environ Ecol 1999;17:962-970.
21. Ray P. Aquaculture in Sunderban Delta, it’s Perspective- An Assessment. International Books and Periodical Supply Service,1993; p212.
22. Shella F, Sivakumar AA, Chandran R. Infestation and prevalence of copepod parasite, Argulus indicus on some freshwater fishes. Nature Environ Pollut Technol 2002;1:201-206.
23. Srivastava CB, Mukherjee M. Parasitic infections in sewage-fed fishery of Sunderban delta. Environ Ecol 1994;12:441-443.
24. Parida SK. A pathoanatomical and limnological study of argulosis in Indian major carps in the freshwater bheries of West Bengal. MFSc, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India, 2007.
25. Mohan CV, Ramaiah N, Shanbhogue SL. Effects of some therapeutics on fish ectoparasites. Environ Ecol 1986;4:98-100.
26. Landsberg JH. Parasites and associated diseases of fish in warm water culture with special emphasis on intensification. In: Shilo M, Sarig S (eds.): Fish Culture in Warm Water Systems: Problem and Trends. CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, Florida, 1989;195-252.
27. Carreno RA, Nadler SA. Phylogenetic analysis of the metastrongyloidea (Nemata: Strongylida) inferred from ribosomal RNA gene sequences. J Parasitol 2003;89: 965-973.
28. Møller OS, Olesen J, Avenant-Oldewage A, Thomsen PF, Glenner H. First maxillae suction discs in Branchiura (Crustacea): development and evolution in light of the first molecular phylogeny of Branchiura, Pentastomida, and other “Maxillopoda”. Arth Struct Dev 2008;37:333-346.
29. Alam MS, Khan MMR. Intraspecific genetic variation in the Japanese loach (Misgurnus angullicaudatus) revealed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Pak J Biol Sci 2001;4:877-880.